Unit 2.2 Data Compression, Images
Lab will perform alterations on images, manipulate RGB values, and reduce the number of pixels. College Board requires you to learn about Lossy and Lossless compression.
Enumerate "Data" Big Idea from College Board
Some of the big ideas and vocab that you observe, talk about it with a partner ...
- "Data compression is the reduction of the number of bits needed to represent data"
- "Data compression is used to save transmission time and storage space."
- "lossy data can reduce data but the original data is not recovered"
- "lossless data lets you restore and recover"
The Image Lab Project contains a plethora of College Board Unit 2 data concepts. Working with Images provides many opportunities for compression and analyzing size.
Image Files and Size
Here are some Images Files. Download these files, load them into
imagesdirectory under _notebooks in your Blog. - Clouds Impression
Describe some of the meta data and considerations when managing Image files. Describe how these relate to Data Compression ...
- File Type, PNG and JPG are two types used in this lab
- Size, height and width, number of pixels
- Visual perception, lossy compression
Python Libraries and Concepts used for Jupyter and Files/Directories
Introduction to displaying images in Jupyter notebook
IPython
Support visualization of data in Jupyter notebooks. Visualization is specific to View, for the web visualization needs to be converted to HTML.
pathlib
File paths are different on Windows versus Mac and Linux. This can cause problems in a project as you work and deploy on different Operating Systems (OS's), pathlib is a solution to this problem.
- What are commands you use in terminal to access files?
- What are the command you use in Windows terminal to access files?
- What are some of the major differences?
Provide what you observed, struggled with, or leaned while playing with this code.
- Why is path a big deal when working with images?
- How does the meta data source and label relate to Unit 5 topics?
- Look up IPython, describe why this is interesting in Jupyter Notebooks for both Pandas and Images?
#Provide RGB color constants and a colors dictionary with
#elements formatted: colors[colorname] = CONSTANT
from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
Color = namedtuple('RGB','red, green, blue')
colors = {} #dict of colors
class RGB(Color):
def hex_format(self):
#Returns color in hex format
return '#{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(self.red,self.green,self.blue)
#Color Contants
ALICEBLUE = RGB(240, 248, 255)
ANTIQUEWHITE = RGB(250, 235, 215)
ANTIQUEWHITE1 = RGB(255, 239, 219)
ANTIQUEWHITE2 = RGB(238, 223, 204)
ANTIQUEWHITE3 = RGB(205, 192, 176)
ANTIQUEWHITE4 = RGB(139, 131, 120)
AQUA = RGB(0, 255, 255)
AQUAMARINE1 = RGB(127, 255, 212)
AQUAMARINE2 = RGB(118, 238, 198)
AQUAMARINE3 = RGB(102, 205, 170)
AQUAMARINE4 = RGB(69, 139, 116)
AZURE1 = RGB(240, 255, 255)
AZURE2 = RGB(224, 238, 238)
AZURE3 = RGB(193, 205, 205)
AZURE4 = RGB(131, 139, 139)
BANANA = RGB(227, 207, 87)
BEIGE = RGB(245, 245, 220)
BISQUE1 = RGB(255, 228, 196)
BISQUE2 = RGB(238, 213, 183)
BISQUE3 = RGB(205, 183, 158)
BISQUE4 = RGB(139, 125, 107)
BLACK = RGB(0, 0, 0)
BLANCHEDALMOND = RGB(255, 235, 205)
BLUE = RGB(0, 0, 255)
BLUE2 = RGB(0, 0, 238)
BLUE3 = RGB(0, 0, 205)
BLUE4 = RGB(0, 0, 139)
BLUEVIOLET = RGB(138, 43, 226)
BRICK = RGB(156, 102, 31)
BROWN = RGB(165, 42, 42)
BROWN1 = RGB(255, 64, 64)
BROWN2 = RGB(238, 59, 59)
BROWN3 = RGB(205, 51, 51)
BROWN4 = RGB(139, 35, 35)
BURLYWOOD = RGB(222, 184, 135)
BURLYWOOD1 = RGB(255, 211, 155)
BURLYWOOD2 = RGB(238, 197, 145)
BURLYWOOD3 = RGB(205, 170, 125)
BURLYWOOD4 = RGB(139, 115, 85)
BURNTSIENNA = RGB(138, 54, 15)
BURNTUMBER = RGB(138, 51, 36)
CADETBLUE = RGB(95, 158, 160)
CADETBLUE1 = RGB(152, 245, 255)
CADETBLUE2 = RGB(142, 229, 238)
CADETBLUE3 = RGB(122, 197, 205)
CADETBLUE4 = RGB(83, 134, 139)
CADMIUMORANGE = RGB(255, 97, 3)
CADMIUMYELLOW = RGB(255, 153, 18)
CARROT = RGB(237, 145, 33)
CHARTREUSE1 = RGB(127, 255, 0)
CHARTREUSE2 = RGB(118, 238, 0)
CHARTREUSE3 = RGB(102, 205, 0)
CHARTREUSE4 = RGB(69, 139, 0)
CHOCOLATE = RGB(210, 105, 30)
CHOCOLATE1 = RGB(255, 127, 36)
CHOCOLATE2 = RGB(238, 118, 33)
CHOCOLATE3 = RGB(205, 102, 29)
CHOCOLATE4 = RGB(139, 69, 19)
COBALT = RGB(61, 89, 171)
COBALTGREEN = RGB(61, 145, 64)
COLDGREY = RGB(128, 138, 135)
CORAL = RGB(255, 127, 80)
CORAL1 = RGB(255, 114, 86)
CORAL2 = RGB(238, 106, 80)
CORAL3 = RGB(205, 91, 69)
CORAL4 = RGB(139, 62, 47)
CORNFLOWERBLUE = RGB(100, 149, 237)
CORNSILK1 = RGB(255, 248, 220)
CORNSILK2 = RGB(238, 232, 205)
CORNSILK3 = RGB(205, 200, 177)
CORNSILK4 = RGB(139, 136, 120)
CRIMSON = RGB(220, 20, 60)
CYAN2 = RGB(0, 238, 238)
CYAN3 = RGB(0, 205, 205)
CYAN4 = RGB(0, 139, 139)
DARKGOLDENROD = RGB(184, 134, 11)
DARKGOLDENROD1 = RGB(255, 185, 15)
DARKGOLDENROD2 = RGB(238, 173, 14)
DARKGOLDENROD3 = RGB(205, 149, 12)
DARKGOLDENROD4 = RGB(139, 101, 8)
DARKGRAY = RGB(169, 169, 169)
DARKGREEN = RGB(0, 100, 0)
DARKKHAKI = RGB(189, 183, 107)
DARKOLIVEGREEN = RGB(85, 107, 47)
DARKOLIVEGREEN1 = RGB(202, 255, 112)
DARKOLIVEGREEN2 = RGB(188, 238, 104)
DARKOLIVEGREEN3 = RGB(162, 205, 90)
DARKOLIVEGREEN4 = RGB(110, 139, 61)
DARKORANGE = RGB(255, 140, 0)
DARKORANGE1 = RGB(255, 127, 0)
DARKORANGE2 = RGB(238, 118, 0)
DARKORANGE3 = RGB(205, 102, 0)
DARKORANGE4 = RGB(139, 69, 0)
DARKORCHID = RGB(153, 50, 204)
DARKORCHID1 = RGB(191, 62, 255)
DARKORCHID2 = RGB(178, 58, 238)
DARKORCHID3 = RGB(154, 50, 205)
DARKORCHID4 = RGB(104, 34, 139)
DARKSALMON = RGB(233, 150, 122)
DARKSEAGREEN = RGB(143, 188, 143)
DARKSEAGREEN1 = RGB(193, 255, 193)
DARKSEAGREEN2 = RGB(180, 238, 180)
DARKSEAGREEN3 = RGB(155, 205, 155)
DARKSEAGREEN4 = RGB(105, 139, 105)
DARKSLATEBLUE = RGB(72, 61, 139)
DARKSLATEGRAY = RGB(47, 79, 79)
DARKSLATEGRAY1 = RGB(151, 255, 255)
DARKSLATEGRAY2 = RGB(141, 238, 238)
DARKSLATEGRAY3 = RGB(121, 205, 205)
DARKSLATEGRAY4 = RGB(82, 139, 139)
DARKTURQUOISE = RGB(0, 206, 209)
DARKVIOLET = RGB(148, 0, 211)
DEEPPINK1 = RGB(255, 20, 147)
DEEPPINK2 = RGB(238, 18, 137)
DEEPPINK3 = RGB(205, 16, 118)
DEEPPINK4 = RGB(139, 10, 80)
DEEPSKYBLUE1 = RGB(0, 191, 255)
DEEPSKYBLUE2 = RGB(0, 178, 238)
DEEPSKYBLUE3 = RGB(0, 154, 205)
DEEPSKYBLUE4 = RGB(0, 104, 139)
DIMGRAY = RGB(105, 105, 105)
DIMGRAY = RGB(105, 105, 105)
DODGERBLUE1 = RGB(30, 144, 255)
DODGERBLUE2 = RGB(28, 134, 238)
DODGERBLUE3 = RGB(24, 116, 205)
DODGERBLUE4 = RGB(16, 78, 139)
EGGSHELL = RGB(252, 230, 201)
EMERALDGREEN = RGB(0, 201, 87)
FIREBRICK = RGB(178, 34, 34)
FIREBRICK1 = RGB(255, 48, 48)
FIREBRICK2 = RGB(238, 44, 44)
FIREBRICK3 = RGB(205, 38, 38)
FIREBRICK4 = RGB(139, 26, 26)
FLESH = RGB(255, 125, 64)
FLORALWHITE = RGB(255, 250, 240)
FORESTGREEN = RGB(34, 139, 34)
GAINSBORO = RGB(220, 220, 220)
GHOSTWHITE = RGB(248, 248, 255)
GOLD1 = RGB(255, 215, 0)
GOLD2 = RGB(238, 201, 0)
GOLD3 = RGB(205, 173, 0)
GOLD4 = RGB(139, 117, 0)
GOLDENROD = RGB(218, 165, 32)
GOLDENROD1 = RGB(255, 193, 37)
GOLDENROD2 = RGB(238, 180, 34)
GOLDENROD3 = RGB(205, 155, 29)
GOLDENROD4 = RGB(139, 105, 20)
GRAY = RGB(128, 128, 128)
GRAY1 = RGB(3, 3, 3)
GRAY10 = RGB(26, 26, 26)
GRAY11 = RGB(28, 28, 28)
GRAY12 = RGB(31, 31, 31)
GRAY13 = RGB(33, 33, 33)
GRAY14 = RGB(36, 36, 36)
GRAY15 = RGB(38, 38, 38)
GRAY16 = RGB(41, 41, 41)
GRAY17 = RGB(43, 43, 43)
GRAY18 = RGB(46, 46, 46)
GRAY19 = RGB(48, 48, 48)
GRAY2 = RGB(5, 5, 5)
GRAY20 = RGB(51, 51, 51)
GRAY21 = RGB(54, 54, 54)
GRAY22 = RGB(56, 56, 56)
GRAY23 = RGB(59, 59, 59)
GRAY24 = RGB(61, 61, 61)
GRAY25 = RGB(64, 64, 64)
GRAY26 = RGB(66, 66, 66)
GRAY27 = RGB(69, 69, 69)
GRAY28 = RGB(71, 71, 71)
GRAY29 = RGB(74, 74, 74)
GRAY3 = RGB(8, 8, 8)
GRAY30 = RGB(77, 77, 77)
GRAY31 = RGB(79, 79, 79)
GRAY32 = RGB(82, 82, 82)
GRAY33 = RGB(84, 84, 84)
GRAY34 = RGB(87, 87, 87)
GRAY35 = RGB(89, 89, 89)
GRAY36 = RGB(92, 92, 92)
GRAY37 = RGB(94, 94, 94)
GRAY38 = RGB(97, 97, 97)
GRAY39 = RGB(99, 99, 99)
GRAY4 = RGB(10, 10, 10)
GRAY40 = RGB(102, 102, 102)
GRAY42 = RGB(107, 107, 107)
GRAY43 = RGB(110, 110, 110)
GRAY44 = RGB(112, 112, 112)
GRAY45 = RGB(115, 115, 115)
GRAY46 = RGB(117, 117, 117)
GRAY47 = RGB(120, 120, 120)
GRAY48 = RGB(122, 122, 122)
GRAY49 = RGB(125, 125, 125)
GRAY5 = RGB(13, 13, 13)
GRAY50 = RGB(127, 127, 127)
GRAY51 = RGB(130, 130, 130)
GRAY52 = RGB(133, 133, 133)
GRAY53 = RGB(135, 135, 135)
GRAY54 = RGB(138, 138, 138)
GRAY55 = RGB(140, 140, 140)
GRAY56 = RGB(143, 143, 143)
GRAY57 = RGB(145, 145, 145)
GRAY58 = RGB(148, 148, 148)
GRAY59 = RGB(150, 150, 150)
GRAY6 = RGB(15, 15, 15)
GRAY60 = RGB(153, 153, 153)
GRAY61 = RGB(156, 156, 156)
GRAY62 = RGB(158, 158, 158)
GRAY63 = RGB(161, 161, 161)
GRAY64 = RGB(163, 163, 163)
GRAY65 = RGB(166, 166, 166)
GRAY66 = RGB(168, 168, 168)
GRAY67 = RGB(171, 171, 171)
GRAY68 = RGB(173, 173, 173)
GRAY69 = RGB(176, 176, 176)
GRAY7 = RGB(18, 18, 18)
GRAY70 = RGB(179, 179, 179)
GRAY71 = RGB(181, 181, 181)
GRAY72 = RGB(184, 184, 184)
GRAY73 = RGB(186, 186, 186)
GRAY74 = RGB(189, 189, 189)
GRAY75 = RGB(191, 191, 191)
GRAY76 = RGB(194, 194, 194)
GRAY77 = RGB(196, 196, 196)
GRAY78 = RGB(199, 199, 199)
GRAY79 = RGB(201, 201, 201)
GRAY8 = RGB(20, 20, 20)
GRAY80 = RGB(204, 204, 204)
GRAY81 = RGB(207, 207, 207)
GRAY82 = RGB(209, 209, 209)
GRAY83 = RGB(212, 212, 212)
GRAY84 = RGB(214, 214, 214)
GRAY85 = RGB(217, 217, 217)
GRAY86 = RGB(219, 219, 219)
GRAY87 = RGB(222, 222, 222)
GRAY88 = RGB(224, 224, 224)
GRAY89 = RGB(227, 227, 227)
GRAY9 = RGB(23, 23, 23)
GRAY90 = RGB(229, 229, 229)
GRAY91 = RGB(232, 232, 232)
GRAY92 = RGB(235, 235, 235)
GRAY93 = RGB(237, 237, 237)
GRAY94 = RGB(240, 240, 240)
GRAY95 = RGB(242, 242, 242)
GRAY97 = RGB(247, 247, 247)
GRAY98 = RGB(250, 250, 250)
GRAY99 = RGB(252, 252, 252)
GREEN = RGB(0, 128, 0)
GREEN1 = RGB(0, 255, 0)
GREEN2 = RGB(0, 238, 0)
GREEN3 = RGB(0, 205, 0)
GREEN4 = RGB(0, 139, 0)
GREENYELLOW = RGB(173, 255, 47)
HONEYDEW1 = RGB(240, 255, 240)
HONEYDEW2 = RGB(224, 238, 224)
HONEYDEW3 = RGB(193, 205, 193)
HONEYDEW4 = RGB(131, 139, 131)
HOTPINK = RGB(255, 105, 180)
HOTPINK1 = RGB(255, 110, 180)
HOTPINK2 = RGB(238, 106, 167)
HOTPINK3 = RGB(205, 96, 144)
HOTPINK4 = RGB(139, 58, 98)
INDIANRED = RGB(176, 23, 31)
INDIANRED = RGB(205, 92, 92)
INDIANRED1 = RGB(255, 106, 106)
INDIANRED2 = RGB(238, 99, 99)
INDIANRED3 = RGB(205, 85, 85)
INDIANRED4 = RGB(139, 58, 58)
INDIGO = RGB(75, 0, 130)
IVORY1 = RGB(255, 255, 240)
IVORY2 = RGB(238, 238, 224)
IVORY3 = RGB(205, 205, 193)
IVORY4 = RGB(139, 139, 131)
IVORYBLACK = RGB(41, 36, 33)
KHAKI = RGB(240, 230, 140)
KHAKI1 = RGB(255, 246, 143)
KHAKI2 = RGB(238, 230, 133)
KHAKI3 = RGB(205, 198, 115)
KHAKI4 = RGB(139, 134, 78)
LAVENDER = RGB(230, 230, 250)
LAVENDERBLUSH1 = RGB(255, 240, 245)
LAVENDERBLUSH2 = RGB(238, 224, 229)
LAVENDERBLUSH3 = RGB(205, 193, 197)
LAVENDERBLUSH4 = RGB(139, 131, 134)
LAWNGREEN = RGB(124, 252, 0)
LEMONCHIFFON1 = RGB(255, 250, 205)
LEMONCHIFFON2 = RGB(238, 233, 191)
LEMONCHIFFON3 = RGB(205, 201, 165)
LEMONCHIFFON4 = RGB(139, 137, 112)
LIGHTBLUE = RGB(173, 216, 230)
LIGHTBLUE1 = RGB(191, 239, 255)
LIGHTBLUE2 = RGB(178, 223, 238)
LIGHTBLUE3 = RGB(154, 192, 205)
LIGHTBLUE4 = RGB(104, 131, 139)
LIGHTCORAL = RGB(240, 128, 128)
LIGHTCYAN1 = RGB(224, 255, 255)
LIGHTCYAN2 = RGB(209, 238, 238)
LIGHTCYAN3 = RGB(180, 205, 205)
LIGHTCYAN4 = RGB(122, 139, 139)
LIGHTGOLDENROD1 = RGB(255, 236, 139)
LIGHTGOLDENROD2 = RGB(238, 220, 130)
LIGHTGOLDENROD3 = RGB(205, 190, 112)
LIGHTGOLDENROD4 = RGB(139, 129, 76)
LIGHTGOLDENRODYELLOW = RGB(250, 250, 210)
LIGHTGREY = RGB(211, 211, 211)
LIGHTPINK = RGB(255, 182, 193)
LIGHTPINK1 = RGB(255, 174, 185)
LIGHTPINK2 = RGB(238, 162, 173)
LIGHTPINK3 = RGB(205, 140, 149)
LIGHTPINK4 = RGB(139, 95, 101)
LIGHTSALMON1 = RGB(255, 160, 122)
LIGHTSALMON2 = RGB(238, 149, 114)
LIGHTSALMON3 = RGB(205, 129, 98)
LIGHTSALMON4 = RGB(139, 87, 66)
LIGHTSEAGREEN = RGB(32, 178, 170)
LIGHTSKYBLUE = RGB(135, 206, 250)
LIGHTSKYBLUE1 = RGB(176, 226, 255)
LIGHTSKYBLUE2 = RGB(164, 211, 238)
LIGHTSKYBLUE3 = RGB(141, 182, 205)
LIGHTSKYBLUE4 = RGB(96, 123, 139)
LIGHTSLATEBLUE = RGB(132, 112, 255)
LIGHTSLATEGRAY = RGB(119, 136, 153)
LIGHTSTEELBLUE = RGB(176, 196, 222)
LIGHTSTEELBLUE1 = RGB(202, 225, 255)
LIGHTSTEELBLUE2 = RGB(188, 210, 238)
LIGHTSTEELBLUE3 = RGB(162, 181, 205)
LIGHTSTEELBLUE4 = RGB(110, 123, 139)
LIGHTYELLOW1 = RGB(255, 255, 224)
LIGHTYELLOW2 = RGB(238, 238, 209)
LIGHTYELLOW3 = RGB(205, 205, 180)
LIGHTYELLOW4 = RGB(139, 139, 122)
LIMEGREEN = RGB(50, 205, 50)
LINEN = RGB(250, 240, 230)
MAGENTA = RGB(255, 0, 255)
MAGENTA2 = RGB(238, 0, 238)
MAGENTA3 = RGB(205, 0, 205)
MAGENTA4 = RGB(139, 0, 139)
MANGANESEBLUE = RGB(3, 168, 158)
MAROON = RGB(128, 0, 0)
MAROON1 = RGB(255, 52, 179)
MAROON2 = RGB(238, 48, 167)
MAROON3 = RGB(205, 41, 144)
MAROON4 = RGB(139, 28, 98)
MEDIUMORCHID = RGB(186, 85, 211)
MEDIUMORCHID1 = RGB(224, 102, 255)
MEDIUMORCHID2 = RGB(209, 95, 238)
MEDIUMORCHID3 = RGB(180, 82, 205)
MEDIUMORCHID4 = RGB(122, 55, 139)
MEDIUMPURPLE = RGB(147, 112, 219)
MEDIUMPURPLE1 = RGB(171, 130, 255)
MEDIUMPURPLE2 = RGB(159, 121, 238)
MEDIUMPURPLE3 = RGB(137, 104, 205)
MEDIUMPURPLE4 = RGB(93, 71, 139)
MEDIUMSEAGREEN = RGB(60, 179, 113)
MEDIUMSLATEBLUE = RGB(123, 104, 238)
MEDIUMSPRINGGREEN = RGB(0, 250, 154)
MEDIUMTURQUOISE = RGB(72, 209, 204)
MEDIUMVIOLETRED = RGB(199, 21, 133)
MELON = RGB(227, 168, 105)
MIDNIGHTBLUE = RGB(25, 25, 112)
MINT = RGB(189, 252, 201)
MINTCREAM = RGB(245, 255, 250)
MISTYROSE1 = RGB(255, 228, 225)
MISTYROSE2 = RGB(238, 213, 210)
MISTYROSE3 = RGB(205, 183, 181)
MISTYROSE4 = RGB(139, 125, 123)
MOCCASIN = RGB(255, 228, 181)
NAVAJOWHITE1 = RGB(255, 222, 173)
NAVAJOWHITE2 = RGB(238, 207, 161)
NAVAJOWHITE3 = RGB(205, 179, 139)
NAVAJOWHITE4 = RGB(139, 121, 94)
NAVY = RGB(0, 0, 128)
OLDLACE = RGB(253, 245, 230)
OLIVE = RGB(128, 128, 0)
OLIVEDRAB = RGB(107, 142, 35)
OLIVEDRAB1 = RGB(192, 255, 62)
OLIVEDRAB2 = RGB(179, 238, 58)
OLIVEDRAB3 = RGB(154, 205, 50)
OLIVEDRAB4 = RGB(105, 139, 34)
ORANGE = RGB(255, 128, 0)
ORANGE1 = RGB(255, 165, 0)
ORANGE2 = RGB(238, 154, 0)
ORANGE3 = RGB(205, 133, 0)
ORANGE4 = RGB(139, 90, 0)
ORANGERED1 = RGB(255, 69, 0)
ORANGERED2 = RGB(238, 64, 0)
ORANGERED3 = RGB(205, 55, 0)
ORANGERED4 = RGB(139, 37, 0)
ORCHID = RGB(218, 112, 214)
ORCHID1 = RGB(255, 131, 250)
ORCHID2 = RGB(238, 122, 233)
ORCHID3 = RGB(205, 105, 201)
ORCHID4 = RGB(139, 71, 137)
PALEGOLDENROD = RGB(238, 232, 170)
PALEGREEN = RGB(152, 251, 152)
PALEGREEN1 = RGB(154, 255, 154)
PALEGREEN2 = RGB(144, 238, 144)
PALEGREEN3 = RGB(124, 205, 124)
PALEGREEN4 = RGB(84, 139, 84)
PALETURQUOISE1 = RGB(187, 255, 255)
PALETURQUOISE2 = RGB(174, 238, 238)
PALETURQUOISE3 = RGB(150, 205, 205)
PALETURQUOISE4 = RGB(102, 139, 139)
PALEVIOLETRED = RGB(219, 112, 147)
PALEVIOLETRED1 = RGB(255, 130, 171)
PALEVIOLETRED2 = RGB(238, 121, 159)
PALEVIOLETRED3 = RGB(205, 104, 137)
PALEVIOLETRED4 = RGB(139, 71, 93)
PAPAYAWHIP = RGB(255, 239, 213)
PEACHPUFF1 = RGB(255, 218, 185)
PEACHPUFF2 = RGB(238, 203, 173)
PEACHPUFF3 = RGB(205, 175, 149)
PEACHPUFF4 = RGB(139, 119, 101)
PEACOCK = RGB(51, 161, 201)
PINK = RGB(255, 192, 203)
PINK1 = RGB(255, 181, 197)
PINK2 = RGB(238, 169, 184)
PINK3 = RGB(205, 145, 158)
PINK4 = RGB(139, 99, 108)
PLUM = RGB(221, 160, 221)
PLUM1 = RGB(255, 187, 255)
PLUM2 = RGB(238, 174, 238)
PLUM3 = RGB(205, 150, 205)
PLUM4 = RGB(139, 102, 139)
POWDERBLUE = RGB(176, 224, 230)
PURPLE = RGB(128, 0, 128)
PURPLE1 = RGB(155, 48, 255)
PURPLE2 = RGB(145, 44, 238)
PURPLE3 = RGB(125, 38, 205)
PURPLE4 = RGB(85, 26, 139)
RASPBERRY = RGB(135, 38, 87)
RAWSIENNA = RGB(199, 97, 20)
RED1 = RGB(255, 0, 0)
RED2 = RGB(238, 0, 0)
RED3 = RGB(205, 0, 0)
RED4 = RGB(139, 0, 0)
ROSYBROWN = RGB(188, 143, 143)
ROSYBROWN1 = RGB(255, 193, 193)
ROSYBROWN2 = RGB(238, 180, 180)
ROSYBROWN3 = RGB(205, 155, 155)
ROSYBROWN4 = RGB(139, 105, 105)
ROYALBLUE = RGB(65, 105, 225)
ROYALBLUE1 = RGB(72, 118, 255)
ROYALBLUE2 = RGB(67, 110, 238)
ROYALBLUE3 = RGB(58, 95, 205)
ROYALBLUE4 = RGB(39, 64, 139)
SALMON = RGB(250, 128, 114)
SALMON1 = RGB(255, 140, 105)
SALMON2 = RGB(238, 130, 98)
SALMON3 = RGB(205, 112, 84)
SALMON4 = RGB(139, 76, 57)
SANDYBROWN = RGB(244, 164, 96)
SAPGREEN = RGB(48, 128, 20)
SEAGREEN1 = RGB(84, 255, 159)
SEAGREEN2 = RGB(78, 238, 148)
SEAGREEN3 = RGB(67, 205, 128)
SEAGREEN4 = RGB(46, 139, 87)
SEASHELL1 = RGB(255, 245, 238)
SEASHELL2 = RGB(238, 229, 222)
SEASHELL3 = RGB(205, 197, 191)
SEASHELL4 = RGB(139, 134, 130)
SEPIA = RGB(94, 38, 18)
SGIBEET = RGB(142, 56, 142)
SGIBRIGHTGRAY = RGB(197, 193, 170)
SGICHARTREUSE = RGB(113, 198, 113)
SGIDARKGRAY = RGB(85, 85, 85)
SGIGRAY12 = RGB(30, 30, 30)
SGIGRAY16 = RGB(40, 40, 40)
SGIGRAY32 = RGB(81, 81, 81)
SGIGRAY36 = RGB(91, 91, 91)
SGIGRAY52 = RGB(132, 132, 132)
SGIGRAY56 = RGB(142, 142, 142)
SGIGRAY72 = RGB(183, 183, 183)
SGIGRAY76 = RGB(193, 193, 193)
SGIGRAY92 = RGB(234, 234, 234)
SGIGRAY96 = RGB(244, 244, 244)
SGILIGHTBLUE = RGB(125, 158, 192)
SGILIGHTGRAY = RGB(170, 170, 170)
SGIOLIVEDRAB = RGB(142, 142, 56)
SGISALMON = RGB(198, 113, 113)
SGISLATEBLUE = RGB(113, 113, 198)
SGITEAL = RGB(56, 142, 142)
SIENNA = RGB(160, 82, 45)
SIENNA1 = RGB(255, 130, 71)
SIENNA2 = RGB(238, 121, 66)
SIENNA3 = RGB(205, 104, 57)
SIENNA4 = RGB(139, 71, 38)
SILVER = RGB(192, 192, 192)
SKYBLUE = RGB(135, 206, 235)
SKYBLUE1 = RGB(135, 206, 255)
SKYBLUE2 = RGB(126, 192, 238)
SKYBLUE3 = RGB(108, 166, 205)
SKYBLUE4 = RGB(74, 112, 139)
SLATEBLUE = RGB(106, 90, 205)
SLATEBLUE1 = RGB(131, 111, 255)
SLATEBLUE2 = RGB(122, 103, 238)
SLATEBLUE3 = RGB(105, 89, 205)
SLATEBLUE4 = RGB(71, 60, 139)
SLATEGRAY = RGB(112, 128, 144)
SLATEGRAY1 = RGB(198, 226, 255)
SLATEGRAY2 = RGB(185, 211, 238)
SLATEGRAY3 = RGB(159, 182, 205)
SLATEGRAY4 = RGB(108, 123, 139)
SNOW1 = RGB(255, 250, 250)
SNOW2 = RGB(238, 233, 233)
SNOW3 = RGB(205, 201, 201)
SNOW4 = RGB(139, 137, 137)
SPRINGGREEN = RGB(0, 255, 127)
SPRINGGREEN1 = RGB(0, 238, 118)
SPRINGGREEN2 = RGB(0, 205, 102)
SPRINGGREEN3 = RGB(0, 139, 69)
STEELBLUE = RGB(70, 130, 180)
STEELBLUE1 = RGB(99, 184, 255)
STEELBLUE2 = RGB(92, 172, 238)
STEELBLUE3 = RGB(79, 148, 205)
STEELBLUE4 = RGB(54, 100, 139)
TAN = RGB(210, 180, 140)
TAN1 = RGB(255, 165, 79)
TAN2 = RGB(238, 154, 73)
TAN3 = RGB(205, 133, 63)
TAN4 = RGB(139, 90, 43)
TEAL = RGB(0, 128, 128)
THISTLE = RGB(216, 191, 216)
THISTLE1 = RGB(255, 225, 255)
THISTLE2 = RGB(238, 210, 238)
THISTLE3 = RGB(205, 181, 205)
THISTLE4 = RGB(139, 123, 139)
TOMATO1 = RGB(255, 99, 71)
TOMATO2 = RGB(238, 92, 66)
TOMATO3 = RGB(205, 79, 57)
TOMATO4 = RGB(139, 54, 38)
TURQUOISE = RGB(64, 224, 208)
TURQUOISE1 = RGB(0, 245, 255)
TURQUOISE2 = RGB(0, 229, 238)
TURQUOISE3 = RGB(0, 197, 205)
TURQUOISE4 = RGB(0, 134, 139)
TURQUOISEBLUE = RGB(0, 199, 140)
VIOLET = RGB(238, 130, 238)
VIOLETRED = RGB(208, 32, 144)
VIOLETRED1 = RGB(255, 62, 150)
VIOLETRED2 = RGB(238, 58, 140)
VIOLETRED3 = RGB(205, 50, 120)
VIOLETRED4 = RGB(139, 34, 82)
WARMGREY = RGB(128, 128, 105)
WHEAT = RGB(245, 222, 179)
WHEAT1 = RGB(255, 231, 186)
WHEAT2 = RGB(238, 216, 174)
WHEAT3 = RGB(205, 186, 150)
WHEAT4 = RGB(139, 126, 102)
WHITE = RGB(255, 255, 255)
WHITESMOKE = RGB(245, 245, 245)
WHITESMOKE = RGB(245, 245, 245)
YELLOW1 = RGB(255, 255, 0)
YELLOW2 = RGB(238, 238, 0)
YELLOW3 = RGB(205, 205, 0)
YELLOW4 = RGB(139, 139, 0)
#Add colors to colors dictionary
colors['aliceblue'] = ALICEBLUE
colors['antiquewhite'] = ANTIQUEWHITE
colors['antiquewhite1'] = ANTIQUEWHITE1
colors['antiquewhite2'] = ANTIQUEWHITE2
colors['antiquewhite3'] = ANTIQUEWHITE3
colors['antiquewhite4'] = ANTIQUEWHITE4
colors['aqua'] = AQUA
colors['aquamarine1'] = AQUAMARINE1
colors['aquamarine2'] = AQUAMARINE2
colors['aquamarine3'] = AQUAMARINE3
colors['aquamarine4'] = AQUAMARINE4
colors['azure1'] = AZURE1
colors['azure2'] = AZURE2
colors['azure3'] = AZURE3
colors['azure4'] = AZURE4
colors['banana'] = BANANA
colors['beige'] = BEIGE
colors['bisque1'] = BISQUE1
colors['bisque2'] = BISQUE2
colors['bisque3'] = BISQUE3
colors['bisque4'] = BISQUE4
colors['black'] = BLACK
colors['blanchedalmond'] = BLANCHEDALMOND
colors['blue'] = BLUE
colors['blue2'] = BLUE2
colors['blue3'] = BLUE3
colors['blue4'] = BLUE4
colors['blueviolet'] = BLUEVIOLET
colors['brick'] = BRICK
colors['brown'] = BROWN
colors['brown1'] = BROWN1
colors['brown2'] = BROWN2
colors['brown3'] = BROWN3
colors['brown4'] = BROWN4
colors['burlywood'] = BURLYWOOD
colors['burlywood1'] = BURLYWOOD1
colors['burlywood2'] = BURLYWOOD2
colors['burlywood3'] = BURLYWOOD3
colors['burlywood4'] = BURLYWOOD4
colors['burntsienna'] = BURNTSIENNA
colors['burntumber'] = BURNTUMBER
colors['cadetblue'] = CADETBLUE
colors['cadetblue1'] = CADETBLUE1
colors['cadetblue2'] = CADETBLUE2
colors['cadetblue3'] = CADETBLUE3
colors['cadetblue4'] = CADETBLUE4
colors['cadmiumorange'] = CADMIUMORANGE
colors['cadmiumyellow'] = CADMIUMYELLOW
colors['carrot'] = CARROT
colors['chartreuse1'] = CHARTREUSE1
colors['chartreuse2'] = CHARTREUSE2
colors['chartreuse3'] = CHARTREUSE3
colors['chartreuse4'] = CHARTREUSE4
colors['chocolate'] = CHOCOLATE
colors['chocolate1'] = CHOCOLATE1
colors['chocolate2'] = CHOCOLATE2
colors['chocolate3'] = CHOCOLATE3
colors['chocolate4'] = CHOCOLATE4
colors['cobalt'] = COBALT
colors['cobaltgreen'] = COBALTGREEN
colors['coldgrey'] = COLDGREY
colors['coral'] = CORAL
colors['coral1'] = CORAL1
colors['coral2'] = CORAL2
colors['coral3'] = CORAL3
colors['coral4'] = CORAL4
colors['cornflowerblue'] = CORNFLOWERBLUE
colors['cornsilk1'] = CORNSILK1
colors['cornsilk2'] = CORNSILK2
colors['cornsilk3'] = CORNSILK3
colors['cornsilk4'] = CORNSILK4
colors['crimson'] = CRIMSON
colors['cyan2'] = CYAN2
colors['cyan3'] = CYAN3
colors['cyan4'] = CYAN4
colors['darkgoldenrod'] = DARKGOLDENROD
colors['darkgoldenrod1'] = DARKGOLDENROD1
colors['darkgoldenrod2'] = DARKGOLDENROD2
colors['darkgoldenrod3'] = DARKGOLDENROD3
colors['darkgoldenrod4'] = DARKGOLDENROD4
colors['darkgray'] = DARKGRAY
colors['darkgreen'] = DARKGREEN
colors['darkkhaki'] = DARKKHAKI
colors['darkolivegreen'] = DARKOLIVEGREEN
colors['darkolivegreen1'] = DARKOLIVEGREEN1
colors['darkolivegreen2'] = DARKOLIVEGREEN2
colors['darkolivegreen3'] = DARKOLIVEGREEN3
colors['darkolivegreen4'] = DARKOLIVEGREEN4
colors['darkorange'] = DARKORANGE
colors['darkorange1'] = DARKORANGE1
colors['darkorange2'] = DARKORANGE2
colors['darkorange3'] = DARKORANGE3
colors['darkorange4'] = DARKORANGE4
colors['darkorchid'] = DARKORCHID
colors['darkorchid1'] = DARKORCHID1
colors['darkorchid2'] = DARKORCHID2
colors['darkorchid3'] = DARKORCHID3
colors['darkorchid4'] = DARKORCHID4
colors['darksalmon'] = DARKSALMON
colors['darkseagreen'] = DARKSEAGREEN
colors['darkseagreen1'] = DARKSEAGREEN1
colors['darkseagreen2'] = DARKSEAGREEN2
colors['darkseagreen3'] = DARKSEAGREEN3
colors['darkseagreen4'] = DARKSEAGREEN4
colors['darkslateblue'] = DARKSLATEBLUE
colors['darkslategray'] = DARKSLATEGRAY
colors['darkslategray1'] = DARKSLATEGRAY1
colors['darkslategray2'] = DARKSLATEGRAY2
colors['darkslategray3'] = DARKSLATEGRAY3
colors['darkslategray4'] = DARKSLATEGRAY4
colors['darkturquoise'] = DARKTURQUOISE
colors['darkviolet'] = DARKVIOLET
colors['deeppink1'] = DEEPPINK1
colors['deeppink2'] = DEEPPINK2
colors['deeppink3'] = DEEPPINK3
colors['deeppink4'] = DEEPPINK4
colors['deepskyblue1'] = DEEPSKYBLUE1
colors['deepskyblue2'] = DEEPSKYBLUE2
colors['deepskyblue3'] = DEEPSKYBLUE3
colors['deepskyblue4'] = DEEPSKYBLUE4
colors['dimgray'] = DIMGRAY
colors['dimgray'] = DIMGRAY
colors['dodgerblue1'] = DODGERBLUE1
colors['dodgerblue2'] = DODGERBLUE2
colors['dodgerblue3'] = DODGERBLUE3
colors['dodgerblue4'] = DODGERBLUE4
colors['eggshell'] = EGGSHELL
colors['emeraldgreen'] = EMERALDGREEN
colors['firebrick'] = FIREBRICK
colors['firebrick1'] = FIREBRICK1
colors['firebrick2'] = FIREBRICK2
colors['firebrick3'] = FIREBRICK3
colors['firebrick4'] = FIREBRICK4
colors['flesh'] = FLESH
colors['floralwhite'] = FLORALWHITE
colors['forestgreen'] = FORESTGREEN
colors['gainsboro'] = GAINSBORO
colors['ghostwhite'] = GHOSTWHITE
colors['gold1'] = GOLD1
colors['gold2'] = GOLD2
colors['gold3'] = GOLD3
colors['gold4'] = GOLD4
colors['goldenrod'] = GOLDENROD
colors['goldenrod1'] = GOLDENROD1
colors['goldenrod2'] = GOLDENROD2
colors['goldenrod3'] = GOLDENROD3
colors['goldenrod4'] = GOLDENROD4
colors['gray'] = GRAY
colors['gray1'] = GRAY1
colors['gray10'] = GRAY10
colors['gray11'] = GRAY11
colors['gray12'] = GRAY12
colors['gray13'] = GRAY13
colors['gray14'] = GRAY14
colors['gray15'] = GRAY15
colors['gray16'] = GRAY16
colors['gray17'] = GRAY17
colors['gray18'] = GRAY18
colors['gray19'] = GRAY19
colors['gray2'] = GRAY2
colors['gray20'] = GRAY20
colors['gray21'] = GRAY21
colors['gray22'] = GRAY22
colors['gray23'] = GRAY23
colors['gray24'] = GRAY24
colors['gray25'] = GRAY25
colors['gray26'] = GRAY26
colors['gray27'] = GRAY27
colors['gray28'] = GRAY28
colors['gray29'] = GRAY29
colors['gray3'] = GRAY3
colors['gray30'] = GRAY30
colors['gray31'] = GRAY31
colors['gray32'] = GRAY32
colors['gray33'] = GRAY33
colors['gray34'] = GRAY34
colors['gray35'] = GRAY35
colors['gray36'] = GRAY36
colors['gray37'] = GRAY37
colors['gray38'] = GRAY38
colors['gray39'] = GRAY39
colors['gray4'] = GRAY4
colors['gray40'] = GRAY40
colors['gray42'] = GRAY42
colors['gray43'] = GRAY43
colors['gray44'] = GRAY44
colors['gray45'] = GRAY45
colors['gray46'] = GRAY46
colors['gray47'] = GRAY47
colors['gray48'] = GRAY48
colors['gray49'] = GRAY49
colors['gray5'] = GRAY5
colors['gray50'] = GRAY50
colors['gray51'] = GRAY51
colors['gray52'] = GRAY52
colors['gray53'] = GRAY53
colors['gray54'] = GRAY54
colors['gray55'] = GRAY55
colors['gray56'] = GRAY56
colors['gray57'] = GRAY57
colors['gray58'] = GRAY58
colors['gray59'] = GRAY59
colors['gray6'] = GRAY6
colors['gray60'] = GRAY60
colors['gray61'] = GRAY61
colors['gray62'] = GRAY62
colors['gray63'] = GRAY63
colors['gray64'] = GRAY64
colors['gray65'] = GRAY65
colors['gray66'] = GRAY66
colors['gray67'] = GRAY67
colors['gray68'] = GRAY68
colors['gray69'] = GRAY69
colors['gray7'] = GRAY7
colors['gray70'] = GRAY70
colors['gray71'] = GRAY71
colors['gray72'] = GRAY72
colors['gray73'] = GRAY73
colors['gray74'] = GRAY74
colors['gray75'] = GRAY75
colors['gray76'] = GRAY76
colors['gray77'] = GRAY77
colors['gray78'] = GRAY78
colors['gray79'] = GRAY79
colors['gray8'] = GRAY8
colors['gray80'] = GRAY80
colors['gray81'] = GRAY81
colors['gray82'] = GRAY82
colors['gray83'] = GRAY83
colors['gray84'] = GRAY84
colors['gray85'] = GRAY85
colors['gray86'] = GRAY86
colors['gray87'] = GRAY87
colors['gray88'] = GRAY88
colors['gray89'] = GRAY89
colors['gray9'] = GRAY9
colors['gray90'] = GRAY90
colors['gray91'] = GRAY91
colors['gray92'] = GRAY92
colors['gray93'] = GRAY93
colors['gray94'] = GRAY94
colors['gray95'] = GRAY95
colors['gray97'] = GRAY97
colors['gray98'] = GRAY98
colors['gray99'] = GRAY99
colors['green'] = GREEN
colors['green1'] = GREEN1
colors['green2'] = GREEN2
colors['green3'] = GREEN3
colors['green4'] = GREEN4
colors['greenyellow'] = GREENYELLOW
colors['honeydew1'] = HONEYDEW1
colors['honeydew2'] = HONEYDEW2
colors['honeydew3'] = HONEYDEW3
colors['honeydew4'] = HONEYDEW4
colors['hotpink'] = HOTPINK
colors['hotpink1'] = HOTPINK1
colors['hotpink2'] = HOTPINK2
colors['hotpink3'] = HOTPINK3
colors['hotpink4'] = HOTPINK4
colors['indianred'] = INDIANRED
colors['indianred'] = INDIANRED
colors['indianred1'] = INDIANRED1
colors['indianred2'] = INDIANRED2
colors['indianred3'] = INDIANRED3
colors['indianred4'] = INDIANRED4
colors['indigo'] = INDIGO
colors['ivory1'] = IVORY1
colors['ivory2'] = IVORY2
colors['ivory3'] = IVORY3
colors['ivory4'] = IVORY4
colors['ivoryblack'] = IVORYBLACK
colors['khaki'] = KHAKI
colors['khaki1'] = KHAKI1
colors['khaki2'] = KHAKI2
colors['khaki3'] = KHAKI3
colors['khaki4'] = KHAKI4
colors['lavender'] = LAVENDER
colors['lavenderblush1'] = LAVENDERBLUSH1
colors['lavenderblush2'] = LAVENDERBLUSH2
colors['lavenderblush3'] = LAVENDERBLUSH3
colors['lavenderblush4'] = LAVENDERBLUSH4
colors['lawngreen'] = LAWNGREEN
colors['lemonchiffon1'] = LEMONCHIFFON1
colors['lemonchiffon2'] = LEMONCHIFFON2
colors['lemonchiffon3'] = LEMONCHIFFON3
colors['lemonchiffon4'] = LEMONCHIFFON4
colors['lightblue'] = LIGHTBLUE
colors['lightblue1'] = LIGHTBLUE1
colors['lightblue2'] = LIGHTBLUE2
colors['lightblue3'] = LIGHTBLUE3
colors['lightblue4'] = LIGHTBLUE4
colors['lightcoral'] = LIGHTCORAL
colors['lightcyan1'] = LIGHTCYAN1
colors['lightcyan2'] = LIGHTCYAN2
colors['lightcyan3'] = LIGHTCYAN3
colors['lightcyan4'] = LIGHTCYAN4
colors['lightgoldenrod1'] = LIGHTGOLDENROD1
colors['lightgoldenrod2'] = LIGHTGOLDENROD2
colors['lightgoldenrod3'] = LIGHTGOLDENROD3
colors['lightgoldenrod4'] = LIGHTGOLDENROD4
colors['lightgoldenrodyellow'] = LIGHTGOLDENRODYELLOW
colors['lightgrey'] = LIGHTGREY
colors['lightpink'] = LIGHTPINK
colors['lightpink1'] = LIGHTPINK1
colors['lightpink2'] = LIGHTPINK2
colors['lightpink3'] = LIGHTPINK3
colors['lightpink4'] = LIGHTPINK4
colors['lightsalmon1'] = LIGHTSALMON1
colors['lightsalmon2'] = LIGHTSALMON2
colors['lightsalmon3'] = LIGHTSALMON3
colors['lightsalmon4'] = LIGHTSALMON4
colors['lightseagreen'] = LIGHTSEAGREEN
colors['lightskyblue'] = LIGHTSKYBLUE
colors['lightskyblue1'] = LIGHTSKYBLUE1
colors['lightskyblue2'] = LIGHTSKYBLUE2
colors['lightskyblue3'] = LIGHTSKYBLUE3
colors['lightskyblue4'] = LIGHTSKYBLUE4
colors['lightslateblue'] = LIGHTSLATEBLUE
colors['lightslategray'] = LIGHTSLATEGRAY
colors['lightsteelblue'] = LIGHTSTEELBLUE
colors['lightsteelblue1'] = LIGHTSTEELBLUE1
colors['lightsteelblue2'] = LIGHTSTEELBLUE2
colors['lightsteelblue3'] = LIGHTSTEELBLUE3
colors['lightsteelblue4'] = LIGHTSTEELBLUE4
colors['lightyellow1'] = LIGHTYELLOW1
colors['lightyellow2'] = LIGHTYELLOW2
colors['lightyellow3'] = LIGHTYELLOW3
colors['lightyellow4'] = LIGHTYELLOW4
colors['limegreen'] = LIMEGREEN
colors['linen'] = LINEN
colors['magenta'] = MAGENTA
colors['magenta2'] = MAGENTA2
colors['magenta3'] = MAGENTA3
colors['magenta4'] = MAGENTA4
colors['manganeseblue'] = MANGANESEBLUE
colors['maroon'] = MAROON
colors['maroon1'] = MAROON1
colors['maroon2'] = MAROON2
colors['maroon3'] = MAROON3
colors['maroon4'] = MAROON4
colors['mediumorchid'] = MEDIUMORCHID
colors['mediumorchid1'] = MEDIUMORCHID1
colors['mediumorchid2'] = MEDIUMORCHID2
colors['mediumorchid3'] = MEDIUMORCHID3
colors['mediumorchid4'] = MEDIUMORCHID4
colors['mediumpurple'] = MEDIUMPURPLE
colors['mediumpurple1'] = MEDIUMPURPLE1
colors['mediumpurple2'] = MEDIUMPURPLE2
colors['mediumpurple3'] = MEDIUMPURPLE3
colors['mediumpurple4'] = MEDIUMPURPLE4
colors['mediumseagreen'] = MEDIUMSEAGREEN
colors['mediumslateblue'] = MEDIUMSLATEBLUE
colors['mediumspringgreen'] = MEDIUMSPRINGGREEN
colors['mediumturquoise'] = MEDIUMTURQUOISE
colors['mediumvioletred'] = MEDIUMVIOLETRED
colors['melon'] = MELON
colors['midnightblue'] = MIDNIGHTBLUE
colors['mint'] = MINT
colors['mintcream'] = MINTCREAM
colors['mistyrose1'] = MISTYROSE1
colors['mistyrose2'] = MISTYROSE2
colors['mistyrose3'] = MISTYROSE3
colors['mistyrose4'] = MISTYROSE4
colors['moccasin'] = MOCCASIN
colors['navajowhite1'] = NAVAJOWHITE1
colors['navajowhite2'] = NAVAJOWHITE2
colors['navajowhite3'] = NAVAJOWHITE3
colors['navajowhite4'] = NAVAJOWHITE4
colors['navy'] = NAVY
colors['oldlace'] = OLDLACE
colors['olive'] = OLIVE
colors['olivedrab'] = OLIVEDRAB
colors['olivedrab1'] = OLIVEDRAB1
colors['olivedrab2'] = OLIVEDRAB2
colors['olivedrab3'] = OLIVEDRAB3
colors['olivedrab4'] = OLIVEDRAB4
colors['orange'] = ORANGE
colors['orange1'] = ORANGE1
colors['orange2'] = ORANGE2
colors['orange3'] = ORANGE3
colors['orange4'] = ORANGE4
colors['orangered1'] = ORANGERED1
colors['orangered2'] = ORANGERED2
colors['orangered3'] = ORANGERED3
colors['orangered4'] = ORANGERED4
colors['orchid'] = ORCHID
colors['orchid1'] = ORCHID1
colors['orchid2'] = ORCHID2
colors['orchid3'] = ORCHID3
colors['orchid4'] = ORCHID4
colors['palegoldenrod'] = PALEGOLDENROD
colors['palegreen'] = PALEGREEN
colors['palegreen1'] = PALEGREEN1
colors['palegreen2'] = PALEGREEN2
colors['palegreen3'] = PALEGREEN3
colors['palegreen4'] = PALEGREEN4
colors['paleturquoise1'] = PALETURQUOISE1
colors['paleturquoise2'] = PALETURQUOISE2
colors['paleturquoise3'] = PALETURQUOISE3
colors['paleturquoise4'] = PALETURQUOISE4
colors['palevioletred'] = PALEVIOLETRED
colors['palevioletred1'] = PALEVIOLETRED1
colors['palevioletred2'] = PALEVIOLETRED2
colors['palevioletred3'] = PALEVIOLETRED3
colors['palevioletred4'] = PALEVIOLETRED4
colors['papayawhip'] = PAPAYAWHIP
colors['peachpuff1'] = PEACHPUFF1
colors['peachpuff2'] = PEACHPUFF2
colors['peachpuff3'] = PEACHPUFF3
colors['peachpuff4'] = PEACHPUFF4
colors['peacock'] = PEACOCK
colors['pink'] = PINK
colors['pink1'] = PINK1
colors['pink2'] = PINK2
colors['pink3'] = PINK3
colors['pink4'] = PINK4
colors['plum'] = PLUM
colors['plum1'] = PLUM1
colors['plum2'] = PLUM2
colors['plum3'] = PLUM3
colors['plum4'] = PLUM4
colors['powderblue'] = POWDERBLUE
colors['purple'] = PURPLE
colors['purple1'] = PURPLE1
colors['purple2'] = PURPLE2
colors['purple3'] = PURPLE3
colors['purple4'] = PURPLE4
colors['raspberry'] = RASPBERRY
colors['rawsienna'] = RAWSIENNA
colors['red1'] = RED1
colors['red2'] = RED2
colors['red3'] = RED3
colors['red4'] = RED4
colors['rosybrown'] = ROSYBROWN
colors['rosybrown1'] = ROSYBROWN1
colors['rosybrown2'] = ROSYBROWN2
colors['rosybrown3'] = ROSYBROWN3
colors['rosybrown4'] = ROSYBROWN4
colors['royalblue'] = ROYALBLUE
colors['royalblue1'] = ROYALBLUE1
colors['royalblue2'] = ROYALBLUE2
colors['royalblue3'] = ROYALBLUE3
colors['royalblue4'] = ROYALBLUE4
colors['salmon'] = SALMON
colors['salmon1'] = SALMON1
colors['salmon2'] = SALMON2
colors['salmon3'] = SALMON3
colors['salmon4'] = SALMON4
colors['sandybrown'] = SANDYBROWN
colors['sapgreen'] = SAPGREEN
colors['seagreen1'] = SEAGREEN1
colors['seagreen2'] = SEAGREEN2
colors['seagreen3'] = SEAGREEN3
colors['seagreen4'] = SEAGREEN4
colors['seashell1'] = SEASHELL1
colors['seashell2'] = SEASHELL2
colors['seashell3'] = SEASHELL3
colors['seashell4'] = SEASHELL4
colors['sepia'] = SEPIA
colors['sgibeet'] = SGIBEET
colors['sgibrightgray'] = SGIBRIGHTGRAY
colors['sgichartreuse'] = SGICHARTREUSE
colors['sgidarkgray'] = SGIDARKGRAY
colors['sgigray12'] = SGIGRAY12
colors['sgigray16'] = SGIGRAY16
colors['sgigray32'] = SGIGRAY32
colors['sgigray36'] = SGIGRAY36
colors['sgigray52'] = SGIGRAY52
colors['sgigray56'] = SGIGRAY56
colors['sgigray72'] = SGIGRAY72
colors['sgigray76'] = SGIGRAY76
colors['sgigray92'] = SGIGRAY92
colors['sgigray96'] = SGIGRAY96
colors['sgilightblue'] = SGILIGHTBLUE
colors['sgilightgray'] = SGILIGHTGRAY
colors['sgiolivedrab'] = SGIOLIVEDRAB
colors['sgisalmon'] = SGISALMON
colors['sgislateblue'] = SGISLATEBLUE
colors['sgiteal'] = SGITEAL
colors['sienna'] = SIENNA
colors['sienna1'] = SIENNA1
colors['sienna2'] = SIENNA2
colors['sienna3'] = SIENNA3
colors['sienna4'] = SIENNA4
colors['silver'] = SILVER
colors['skyblue'] = SKYBLUE
colors['skyblue1'] = SKYBLUE1
colors['skyblue2'] = SKYBLUE2
colors['skyblue3'] = SKYBLUE3
colors['skyblue4'] = SKYBLUE4
colors['slateblue'] = SLATEBLUE
colors['slateblue1'] = SLATEBLUE1
colors['slateblue2'] = SLATEBLUE2
colors['slateblue3'] = SLATEBLUE3
colors['slateblue4'] = SLATEBLUE4
colors['slategray'] = SLATEGRAY
colors['slategray1'] = SLATEGRAY1
colors['slategray2'] = SLATEGRAY2
colors['slategray3'] = SLATEGRAY3
colors['slategray4'] = SLATEGRAY4
colors['snow1'] = SNOW1
colors['snow2'] = SNOW2
colors['snow3'] = SNOW3
colors['snow4'] = SNOW4
colors['springgreen'] = SPRINGGREEN
colors['springgreen1'] = SPRINGGREEN1
colors['springgreen2'] = SPRINGGREEN2
colors['springgreen3'] = SPRINGGREEN3
colors['steelblue'] = STEELBLUE
colors['steelblue1'] = STEELBLUE1
colors['steelblue2'] = STEELBLUE2
colors['steelblue3'] = STEELBLUE3
colors['steelblue4'] = STEELBLUE4
colors['tan'] = TAN
colors['tan1'] = TAN1
colors['tan2'] = TAN2
colors['tan3'] = TAN3
colors['tan4'] = TAN4
colors['teal'] = TEAL
colors['thistle'] = THISTLE
colors['thistle1'] = THISTLE1
colors['thistle2'] = THISTLE2
colors['thistle3'] = THISTLE3
colors['thistle4'] = THISTLE4
colors['tomato1'] = TOMATO1
colors['tomato2'] = TOMATO2
colors['tomato3'] = TOMATO3
colors['tomato4'] = TOMATO4
colors['turquoise'] = TURQUOISE
colors['turquoise1'] = TURQUOISE1
colors['turquoise2'] = TURQUOISE2
colors['turquoise3'] = TURQUOISE3
colors['turquoise4'] = TURQUOISE4
colors['turquoiseblue'] = TURQUOISEBLUE
colors['violet'] = VIOLET
colors['violetred'] = VIOLETRED
colors['violetred1'] = VIOLETRED1
colors['violetred2'] = VIOLETRED2
colors['violetred3'] = VIOLETRED3
colors['violetred4'] = VIOLETRED4
colors['warmgrey'] = WARMGREY
colors['wheat'] = WHEAT
colors['wheat1'] = WHEAT1
colors['wheat2'] = WHEAT2
colors['wheat3'] = WHEAT3
colors['wheat4'] = WHEAT4
colors['white'] = WHITE
colors['whitesmoke'] = WHITESMOKE
colors['whitesmoke'] = WHITESMOKE
colors['yellow'] = YELLOW1
colors['yellow2'] = YELLOW2
colors['yellow3'] = YELLOW3
colors['yellow4'] = YELLOW4
color = "blue"
print(type(colors[color][0]))
from IPython.display import Image, display
from pathlib import Path # https://medium.com/@ageitgey/python-3-quick-tip-the-easy-way-to-deal-with-file-paths-on-windows-mac-and-linux-11a072b58d5f
# prepares a series of images
def image_data(path=Path("../images/"), images=None): # path of static images is defaulted
if images is None: # default image
images = [
{'source': "Peter Carolin", 'label': "Clouds Impression", 'file': "clouds-impression.png"},
{'source': "Peter Carolin", 'label': "Lassen Volcano", 'file': "lassen-volcano-original.jpg"},
{'source': "Internet", 'label': "Smile", 'file': "smile.jpeg"}
]
for image in images:
# File to open
image['filename'] = path / image['file'] # file with path
return images
def image_display(images):
for image in images:
display(Image(filename=image['filename']))
# Run this as standalone tester to see sample data printed in Jupyter terminal
if __name__ == "__main__":
# print parameter supplied image
green_square = image_data(images=[{'source': "Internet", 'label': "Green Square", 'file': "green-square-16.png"}])
image_display(green_square)
# display default images from image_data()
default_images = image_data()
image_display(default_images)
Reading and Encoding Images (2 implementations follow)
PIL (Python Image Library)
Pillow or PIL provides the ability to work with images in Python. Geeks for Geeks shows some ideas on working with images.
base64
Image formats (JPG, PNG) are often called *Binary File formats, it is difficult to pass these over HTTP. Thus, base64 converts binary encoded data (8-bit, ASCII/Unicode) into a text encoded scheme (24 bits, 6-bit Base64 digits). Thus base64 is used to transport and embed binary images into textual assets such as HTML and CSS.- How is Base64 similar or different to Binary and Hexadecimal?
Base64 is similar to Binary or Hexadecimal because it is just a different base counting system. Binary is base 2, Hexadecimal is base 16, Base64 is base 64. Essentially each character can represent up to 64 different numbers.
- Translate first 3 letters of your name to Base64.
Tob --> First convert to decimal, = T, 111 = o, 98 = b. --> Next convert decimal to base 64 (base 10 to base 64).
numpy
Numpy is described as "The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python". In the Image Lab, a Numpy array is created from the image data in order to simplify access and change to the RGB values of the pixels, converting pixels to grey scale.
io, BytesIO
Input and Output (I/O) is a fundamental of all Computer Programming. Input/output (I/O) buffering is a technique used to optimize I/O operations. In large quantities of data, how many frames of input the server currently has queued is the buffer. In this example, there is a very large picture that lags.
- Where have you been a consumer of buffering?
One example of buffering is on youtube, the video buffers often when I have a bad wifi connection and if the quality is on auto, then it will also compress the video.- From your consumer experience, what effects have you experienced from buffering?
Annoyance mostly. It's annoying to have to wait for a video or even picture to load just because the image is big. Even though it's not the fault of the site I'm using, it's still annoying.- How do these effects apply to images?
These effects sometimes cause images to be automatically compressed or can cause the entire website to run slower.
Data Structures, Imperative Programming Style, and working with Images
Introduction to creating meta data and manipulating images. Look at each procedure and explain the the purpose and results of this program. Add any insights or challenges as you explored this program.
- Does this code seem like a series of steps are being performed? Yes it does.
- Describe Grey Scale algorithm in English or Pseudo code? The Gray Scale algorithm takes an average of the Red Green and Blue pixel values and reasigns the RGB values to that average for each pixel in the picture.
- Describe scale image? What is before and after on pixels in three images? Scale image scales the image by changing the pixels.
- Is scale image a type of compression? If so, line it up with College Board terms described? This is lossless compression
from IPython.display import HTML, display
from pathlib import Path # https://medium.com/@ageitgey/python-3-quick-tip-the-easy-way-to-deal-with-file-paths-on-windows-mac-and-linux-11a072b58d5f
from PIL import Image as pilImage # as pilImage is used to avoid conflicts
from io import BytesIO
import base64
import numpy as np
# prepares a series of images
def image_data(path=Path("../images/"), images=None): # path of static images is defaulted
if images is None: # default image
images = [
{'source': "Internet", 'label': "Green Square", 'file': "green-square-16.png"},
{'source': "Peter Carolin", 'label': "Clouds Impression", 'file': "clouds-impression.png"},
{'source': "Peter Carolin", 'label': "Lassen Volcano", 'file': "lassen-volcano-original.jpg"},
{'source': "Internet", 'label': "Smile", 'file': "smile.jpeg"}
]
for image in images:
# File to open
image['filename'] = path / image['file'] # file with path
return images
# Large image scaled to baseWidth of 320
def scale_image(img):
baseWidth = 320
scalePercent = (baseWidth/float(img.size[0]))
scaleHeight = int((float(img.size[1])*float(scalePercent)))
scale = (baseWidth, scaleHeight)
return img.resize(scale)
# PIL image converted to base64
def image_to_base64(img, format):
with BytesIO() as buffer:
img.save(buffer, format)
return base64.b64encode(buffer.getvalue()).decode()
# Set Properties of Image, Scale, and convert to Base64
def image_management(image): # path of static images is defaulted
# Image open return PIL image object
img = pilImage.open(image['filename'])
# Python Image Library operations
image['format'] = img.format
image['mode'] = img.mode
image['size'] = img.size
# Scale the Image
img = scale_image(img)
image['pil'] = img
image['scaled_size'] = img.size
# Scaled HTML
image['html'] = '<img src="data:image/png;base64,%s">' % image_to_base64(image['pil'], image['format'])
# Create Grey Scale Base64 representation of Image
def image_management_add_html_shift(image):
# Image open return PIL image object
img = image['pil']
format = image['format']
img_data = img.getdata() # Reference https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-pil-image-getdata/
image['data'] = np.array(img_data) # PIL image to numpy array
image['gray_data'] = [] # key/value for data converted to gray scale
# 'data' is a list of RGB data, the list is traversed and hex and binary lists are calculated and formatted
for pixel in image['data']:
# create gray scale of image, ref: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/convert-a-numpy-array-to-an-image/
average = (pixel[0] + pixel[1] + pixel[2]) // 3 # average pixel values and use // for integer division
if len(pixel) > 3:
image['gray_data'].append((int(average/2), int(average/2), int((average + 255)/2), pixel[3])) # PNG format
else:
image['gray_data'].append((int(average/2), int(average/2), int((average + 255)/2)))
# end for loop for pixels
img.putdata(image['gray_data'])
image['html_grey'] = '<img src="data:image/png;base64,%s">' % image_to_base64(img, format)
# Jupyter Notebook Visualization of Images
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Use numpy to concatenate two arrays
images = image_data()
# Display meta data, scaled view, and grey scale for each image
for image in images:
image_management(image)
print("---- meta data -----")
print(image['label'])
print(image['source'])
print(image['format'])
print(image['mode'])
print("Original size: ", image['size'])
print("Scaled size: ", image['scaled_size'])
print("-- original image --")
display(HTML(image['html']))
print("--- grey image ----")
image_management_add_html_shift(image)
display(HTML(image['html_grey']))
print()
Data Structures and OOP
Most data structures classes require Object Oriented Programming (OOP). Since this class is lined up with a College Course, OOP will be talked about often. Functionality in remainder of this Blog is the same as the prior implementation. Highlight some of the key difference you see between imperative and oop styles.
- Read imperative and object-oriented programming on Wikipedia
- Consider how data is organized in two examples, in relations to procedures
- Look at Parameters in Imperative and Self in OOP
Additionally, review all the imports in these three demos. Create a definition of their purpose, specifically these ...
- PIL
- numpy
- base64
from IPython.display import HTML, display
from pathlib import Path # https://medium.com/@ageitgey/python-3-quick-tip-the-easy-way-to-deal-with-file-paths-on-windows-mac-and-linux-11a072b58d5f
from PIL import Image as pilImage # as pilImage is used to avoid conflicts
from io import BytesIO
import base64
import numpy as np
class Image_Data:
def __init__(self, source, label, file, color, path, baseWidth=320):
self._source = source # variables with self prefix become part of the object,
self._label = label
self._file = file
self._filename = path / file # file with path
self._baseWidth = baseWidth
self._color = color
# Open image and scale to needs
self._img = pilImage.open(self._filename)
self._format = self._img.format
self._mode = self._img.mode
self._originalSize = self.img.size
self.scale_image()
self._html = self.image_to_html(self._img)
self._html_shift = self.image_to_html_shift()
@property
def color(self):
return self._color
@property
def source(self):
return self._source
@property
def label(self):
return self._label
@property
def file(self):
return self._file
@property
def filename(self):
return self._filename
@property
def img(self):
return self._img
@property
def format(self):
return self._format
@property
def mode(self):
return self._mode
@property
def originalSize(self):
return self._originalSize
@property
def size(self):
return self._img.size
@property
def html(self):
return self._html
@property
def html_grey(self):
return self._html_shift
# Large image scaled to baseWidth of 320
def set_color(self):
self._color = input("please write what color you want")
return
def scale_image(self):
scalePercent = (self._baseWidth/float(self._img.size[0]))
scaleHeight = int((float(self._img.size[1])*float(scalePercent)))
scale = (self._baseWidth, scaleHeight)
self._img = self._img.resize(scale)
# PIL image converted to base64
def image_to_html(self, img):
with BytesIO() as buffer:
img.save(buffer, self._format)
return '<img src="data:image/png;base64,%s">' % base64.b64encode(buffer.getvalue()).decode()
# Create Grey Scale Base64 representation of Image
def image_to_html_shift(self):
self.set_color()
color = self._color
img_grey = self._img
numpy = np.array(self._img.getdata()) # PIL image to numpy array
grey_data = [] # key/value for data converted to gray scale
# 'data' is a list of RGB data, the list is traversed and hex and binary lists are calculated and formatted
for pixel in numpy:
average = (pixel[0] + pixel[1] + pixel[2]) // 3 # average pixel values and use // for integer division
if len(pixel) > 3:
grey_data.append((int((average + colors[color][0])/2), int((average + colors[color][1])/2), int((average + colors[color][2])/2), pixel[3])) # PNG format
else:
grey_data.append((int((average + colors[color][0])/2), int((average + colors[color][1])/2), int((average + colors[color][2])/2)))
img_grey.putdata(grey_data)
return self.image_to_html(img_grey)
# prepares a series of images, provides expectation for required contents
def image_data(path=Path("../images/"), images=None): # path of static images is defaulted
if images is None: # default image
images = [
{'source': "Internet", 'label': "Smile", 'file': "smile.jpeg", 'color':"yellow"}
]
return path, images
# turns data into objects
def image_objects():
id_Objects = []
path, images = image_data()
for image in images:
id_Objects.append(Image_Data(source=image['source'],
label=image['label'],
file=image['file'],
color=image['color'],
path=path,
))
return id_Objects
# Jupyter Notebook Visualization of Images
if __name__ == "__main__":
for ido in image_objects(): # ido is an Imaged Data Object
print("---- meta data -----")
print(ido.label)
print(ido.source)
print(ido.file)
print(ido.format)
print(ido.mode)
print("Original size: ", ido.originalSize)
print("Scaled size: ", ido.size)
print("-- scaled image --")
display(HTML(ido.html))
print("--- " + ido.color[0].upper() + ido.color[1:] + " image ---")
display(HTML(ido.html_grey))
print()
Hacks
Early Seed award
AP Prep
- In the Blog add notes and observations on each code cell that request an answer.
- In blog add College Board practice problems for 2.3
- Choose 2 images, one that will more likely result in lossy data compression and one that is more likely to result in lossless data compression. Explain.
Project Addition
- If your project has images in it, try to implement an image change that has a purpose. (Ex. An item that has been sold out could become gray scale)
Pick a programming paradigm and solve some of the following ...
- Numpy, manipulating pixels. As opposed to Grey Scale treatment, pick a couple of other types like red scale, green scale, or blue scale. We want you to be manipulating pixels in the image.
- Binary and Hexadecimal reports. Convert and produce pixels in binary and Hexadecimal and display.
- Compression and Sizing of images. Look for insights into compression Lossy and Lossless. Look at PIL library and see if there are other things that can be done.
- There are many effects you can do as well with PIL. Blur the image or write Meta Data on screen, aka Title, Author and Image size.